What Is a Foreign Plural in English Grammar

A foreign plural is a  noun  borrowed from another language that has kept its original plural form rather than adapt the usual English plural ending of -s. Words borrowed from classical Greek and Latin have tended to keep their foreign plurals in English longer than most other foreign borrowings. Examples of Foreign Plurals in English Scientists divide the bacteria [singular, bacterium] into groups based on shape: spherical cells, which are labeled as cocci (sing., coccus); rod-shaped cells, called bacilli (bacillus); curved rods, known as vibrios; and spiral-shaped bacteria.(Sherman Hollar, A Closer Look at Bacteria, Algae, and Protozoa. Britannica Educational Publishing, 2012)This step-by-step guide to creating and analyzing linguistic corpora [singular, corpus] discusses the role that corpus linguistics plays in linguistic theory.(Charles F. Meyer, English Corpus Linguistics: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, 2002) Divided Usage English is jokingly referred to as the thief of languages because it borrows so many words from other languages. But because other languages have their own grammar rules, which are often wildly different from English grammar rules, the conjugation and use of these foreign words arent always clear. When it comes to foreign  plurals they usually follow the rules of their  origin language. For this reason, it can be helpful for those looking to improve their English skills or vocabulary to brush up on Greek and Latin prefixes and suffixes.   English has borrowed words from nearly every language with which it has come into contact, and particularly for nouns from Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and French, it has often borrowed their foreign plurals as well. But when loan words cease to seem foreign, and if their frequency of use in English increases, they very often drop the foreign plural in favor of a regular English ​-s. Thus at any given time we can find some loan words in divided usage, with both the foreign plural (e.g., indices) and the regular English plural (e.g., indexes) in Standard use. And occasionally we’ll find a semantic distinction between the two acceptable forms, as with the awe-inspiring Hebrew cherubim and the chubby English cherubs.(Kenneth G. Wilson, The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993) The Latin and Greek -a Plural Because of its exceptional divergence in form from all other patterns of English plural formation, the Latin and Greek -a plural has shown a tendency to be reinterpreted as a non-count form, or as a singular with its own -s plural. This tendency has progressed furthest in agenda and has met with varying degrees of acceptance in candelabra, criteria, data, media, and phenomena. (Sylvia Chalker and Edmund Weiner, Oxford Dictionary of English Grammar. Oxford University Press, 1994) Subject-Verb Agreement With Foreign Plurals Well-recognized foreign plurals require plural verbs if they do not represent a singular unit.Your criteria for grading my report are unfair.Criteria, the plural form of criterion, means standards of rules. This word has origins in the Greek language. Phenomena, the plural of the Greek phenomenon, is another example of plural usage.Her upper vertebrae were crushed in the accident.The singular of the Latin-derived vertebrae is vertebra.(Lauren Kessler and Duncan McDonald, When Words Collide, 8th ed. Wadsworth, 2012)

William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay - 1324 Words

William Shakespeare’s famously philosophical play Hamlet epitomizes the revenge tragedy; the play’s characters are forced to act vengefully only to result in a bloody, dismal ending. The most obvious instance of revenge in the play is that of Hamlet against Claudius whom corruptly becomes the king of Denmark after he murders Hamlet’s father. Spurred by the ghost of the deceased king, Hamlet sways between moods of adamancy and half-hearted uncertainty in his quest to repay his father’s life, a task which proves complicated. Christian doctrine plays a key role in the play as it pervades Hamlet’s and the other revenge seekers’ lives and forces them to reconcile their actions with their moral obligations, tying together the idea of†¦show more content†¦The ghost takes advantage of this by demanding that Hamlet take action against Claudius â€Å"If thou didst ever thy dear father love† (1.5.24). Coupling the injustice of his father’s punishment in purgatory—Claudius having killed him before he had time to repent—with his filial obligation both innate and deemed by the Fifth Commandment, Hamlet is forced to seek vengeance. In his search for justice, Hamlet wavers between bouts of vigor and near enthusiasm, such as when he says, â€Å"Now could I drink hot blood / And do such bitter business as the day / Would quake to look on,† and dismay at his unwillingness to enact revenge, such as when he says, â€Å"O cursà ¨d spire / That ever I was born to set it right!† (3.2.333-35; 2.1.197-98). The reasons behind the reciprocal moods lie in the Bible. According to Numbers 35 and Deuteronomy 19, Hamlet is justified in seeking revenge since the law of Moses states that a man who has suffered the murder of kin is allowed to kill the culprit (Moore 1). In addition, Exodus 21:22-25 establishes the idea of lex talionis, an eye for an eye, which further accounts for Hamlet’s role as an avenger against the man who has slain his father. â€Å"This is most brave, / That I, the son of a dear father murdered, / Prompted to my revenge by heaven and hell. . .,† Hamlet states in aShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet981 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare is a historic writer that is well known and wrote many plays in his lifetime. In most of his plays, if not all, he has incorporated hidden meanings and messages. The majority of his hidden meanings are controversial topics of his time period. In Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, the controversial topic that is throughout the play is religion and the afterlife. Afterlife plays a big role in Hamlet and is discussed throughout the play. Multiple authors have written on the topic of afterlifeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet964 Words   |  4 Pagesunsatisfactory situation. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, a characters inability to overcome their weakness due to it being emphasized by their unfortunate circumstance results in their tragic downfall. This is illustrated through Hamlets over thinking, Claudiuss ambition, and Gertrudes naive persona. Hamlets character is one that is very thoughtful and conscious, however some view these qualities as procrastination and over thinking. Even Hamlet himself acknowledges this inRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet745 Words   |  3 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet is a unique character due to his unpredictability. He is attempting to discover the truth in a way that no other character of Shakespeare’s has done. We find Hamlet in a state of deep melancholy due to the death of his father, as well as the very sudden and lewd marriage of his uncle and his mother. Hamlet is inspired by the player giving the speech about Hecuba witnessing the massacre of her husband, Priam. He goes off on his own, and he is bewilderedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1482 Words   |  6 PagesIn one of William Shakespeare’s most notorious plays, Hamlet, Shakespeare uses multiple scenes filled with drama to add a certain extreme dimension to the play. In a story filled with drama, such as Hamlet, an author attempts to use intense dialogue and actions in order to invoke personal emotions and feelings in the hearts of the audience. Shakespeare attempted to have the audience feel the pain that Hamlet experienced, sense the feelings of revenge that were deep in the heart of the prince, andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1308 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, has deep meaning and sorrow to its story. It has one of the most famous soliloquies ever to be written in theater art, â€Å"To be, or not to be.† At first, reading Shakespeare’s writing seems difficult to understand and be interested in, but as the reader reads on and digs into the roots of the play, it truly grabs the reader’s attention and makes him/her want to know more of the thoughts behind Hamlet. Thus, the story of Hamlet begins and his personality shows throughoutRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet 2214 Words   |   9 PagesMadness within: Bipolar William Shakespeare had the uncanny ability to read people then put into words how individuals reacted with one another. His most known playwright is â€Å"Hamlet†. Hamlet leads the opening of the play with grandeur; but, when his father’s ghost of comes to visit him telling of Hamlet’s uncle Claudius killed him. Hamlet schemes a plan pursuing revenge. Hamlet demonstrates depression exceptionally, in the presence of his mother and Uncle Claudius. Shakespeare’s character likely labeledRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet might well claim to be Shakespeares most famous play because of its language and the charm of its central character. Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individuallyRead More William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet has been praised and revered for centuries as one of William Shakespeares best known and most popular tragedies. Based on its popularity, critics alike have taken various viewpoints and theories in order to explain Hamlets actions throughout the play. The psychoanalytic point of view is one of the most famous positions taken on Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Psychoanalytic criticism is a type of literary criticism that analyzes and classifies many of the forms ofRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet1172 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet is a complex story that uses many literary devices to help develop the characters in Hamlet. One dominant device is irony. The main plot of the story revolves around irony. Hamlet is a witty character and loves to use irony. Hamlet’s use of irony displays how he insults people, discovers useful information, and reveals his true character. The use of irony in this story helps to add depth to each character, which is why Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most complex stories. There are three typesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2474 Words   |  10 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet When first introduced to Hamlet he is a character full of pain and confusion, still mourning his father’s death, ‘But two months dead-nay, not so much, not two’.[1] The punctuation here highlights Hamlet’s anguish. Significantly, Hamlet is already portrayed as a misfit, as no one else within the court but Hamlet is wearing mourning clothes; in Shakespeare’s time it would have been worn for at least a year following the death of a king.

Mini biography of rachel mcadams Free Essays

Rachel McAdams was raised in St. Thomas, Ontario. Get downing at the age of four, she competed in figure skating. We will write a custom essay sample on Mini biography of rachel mcadams or any similar topic only for you Order Now By the age of 13, she was executing in Shakespearian productions in summer theatre cantonment. In high school, McAdams intended to use to college to analyze cultural surveies, because analyzing theatre would be â€Å"a spot of a joke† . At the last minute, a play instructor encouraged her to try out to be a play major. She finally majored in theatre at York University and graduated with awards and a B.F.A. grade. She began her professional on-screen calling with an visual aspect on the Disney series â€Å"The Famous Jett Jackson† ( 1998 ) followed by a pilot for MTV. After a few more movies, she hit it large after her visual aspect in the hits Mean Girls ( 2004 ) and The Notebook ( 2004 ) . IMDb Mini Biography By: jatza Triviality Attended Original Kids Theatre Company in London, Ontario. Her male parent, Lance, is a truck driver and her female parent, Sandy, is a nurse. She has a younger sister, Kayleen McAdams, and a younger brother, Daniel. Born in the same infirmary as The Notebook ( 2004 ) co-star Ryan Gosling in St. Joseph ‘s Hospital, London, Ontario. In 1995, she received an moving award for her function in the one-act high school play â€Å"I Live in a Small Town† when it was presented at the esteemed Ontario Showcase at the Sears Drama Festival. Studied theatre at York University in Toronto, where she appeared in legion phase and pupil movie productions. During her senior twelvemonth, she played a kid in â€Å"The Piper† , a workshop led by a originative squad from Toronto ‘s Necessary Angel Theatre Company. Worked at a McDonald ‘s for three summers with her sister, Kayleen McAdams, and her brother, Dan McAdams. Was told to partially pattern the character of Regina George after Alec Baldwin ‘s public presentation in Glengarry Glen Ross ( 1992 ) . Received a record five MTV Movie Award nominations in a individual twelvemonth. Graduated from York University in Toronto with awards A ; a B.F.A. in theatre Once a vegetarian. She donated many signed head-shots to Rocky Stone to be auctioned off to raise money to purchase more playthings for less fortunate childs as portion of the Toy Mountain Campaign. Is of Irish descent. Attended David Rothenberg ‘s on-camera moving category in Toronto with fellow histrions Scott Speedman, Kenneth Mitchell, Polly Shannon and David Sutcliffe. In December 2005, she was # 1 on MuchMusic ‘s â€Å"Who To Make: 20 Sexiest Girls† list. This list is aired each twelvemonth, and there is besides a separate list for cats. Named # 14 on the Maxim magazine Hot 100 of 2005 list. Met her fellow, Ryan Gosling, on the set of The Notebook ( 2004 ) . Ranked # 17 on Maxim ‘s hot list 2006. Considered for the function of Susan Storm/Invisible Girl in Fantastic Four ( 2005 ) . Named # 51 in FHM magazine ‘s â€Å"100 Sexiest Women in the World 2006† addendum. ( 2006 ) . While a pupil at York University, she lived in the same â€Å"house† as Ron Sparks in Vanier Residence. Had to turn down the female lead in The Last Kiss ( 2006 ) due to scheduling struggles. The function was finally given to Jacinda Barrett. Was considered for the function of Vesper Lynd in Casino Royale ( 2006 ) , before the function was given to Eva Green. She was voted the # 101 on FHS ‘s list of Sexiest Women in the World ( 2005 ) . Is a vegetarian once more. Lifes in the popular Los Angeles vicinity of Silverlake. Other Silverlake locals include Beck, Bo Barrett, Christina Ricci, Jason Lee and Ryan Gosling. Older sister of Kayleen McAdams. Split with Ryan Gosling. [ Mid-2007 ] Chosen by Empire magazine as one of the 100 Sexiest Stars in movie history ( # 68 ) . [ 2007 ] . Has a Canis familiaris named George, which she shared with Ryan Gosling. Has of course blond hair. She does n’t have a auto. As portion of her day-to-day part to assist conserve energy, she rides her motorcycle or takes the coach. Co-founder of www.greenissexy.org, a web site which helps raise consciousness about the environment. Was Jon Favreau ‘s first pick to play Pepper Potts in Iron Man ( 2008 ) , but she turned the function down. Likes shopping at Vintage vesture shops. Auditioned for the function of Cady in Mean Girls ( 2004 ) , but the portion went to Lindsay Lohan alternatively. Avoided winging aeroplanes until age 22. Auditioned for the function of Sophie for the musical Mamma Mia! ( 2008 ) but lost out to actress Amanda Seyfried. Seyfried had lost out to McAdams antecedently for the function of Regina when they both co-starred in Mean Girls ( 2004 ) . Reunited with former fiance Ryan Gosling ( August 2008 ) . Has one time once more called it quits with former fiance Ryan Gosling [ November 2008 ] . Her favorite actresses include: Joan Cusack, Juliette Lewis, Kate Winslet and Samantha Morton. She besides considers Elizabeth Taylor and Audrey Hepburn to be her function theoretical accounts. She would love to work with Daniel Day-Lewis, James Franco and Sam Rockwell. She is allergic to Equus caballuss. Learned to drive after a bike accident. Learned to appreciate rugger from Russell Crowe. Personal Quotation marks Equally unusual as film devising is, making love scenes for the first clip with person you ‘ve ne’er even said hullo to does work in footings of holding a fresh quality to a relationship. It takes a batch of clip, committedness and a pick. I ‘ve chosen this way, but it ‘s non to state I ‘m non unfastened to love or whatever comes my manner. You ne’er close doors. The craziest thing I ‘ve of all time done to acquire a cat ‘s attending? I admit I stalked person. I showed up at a eating house where I knew the cat worked, and we were really good friends and had lost touch, and I pretended that I did n’t cognize he worked at that place. And so ran into him and, â€Å"Oh my God, you work here? I had no idea.† It ‘s the most manipulative thing I ‘ve done in my full life, but it all worked out really good, so I have no declinations. Yeah. I still live in Canada, so it ‘s non rather the same. And when I ‘m in L.A. , I ‘m in a auto ; you do n’t hold the contact with the populace. It ‘s non so bad. It ‘s still reasonably much the same. I still experience reasonably normal-ish. The most romantic thing, a lovely boy bought me a frock one time. He got my measurings, really they were from The Notebook ( 2004 ) and I had them sitting someplace, and he found them and bought me this frock, bespoke, this beautiful small black cocktail frock. And I thought that was really, really posh. I want to seek a batch of things that I have n’t tried. You know, I did a thriller ( Red Eye ( 2005 ) ) after this, because it was so different and it was a genre I had n’t worked in yet. Then I did a beautiful household ensemble play. And following? I do n’t cognize. I might travel off to make a little independent in New York. I ‘m non certain. The quality of stuff is of import but, fundamentally, I ‘m unfastened to anything. I like to remain unfastened to anything. A friend of mine had this great theory about the â€Å"Teletubbies† ( 1997 ) , that it ‘s fixing us for being mindless. And acquiring us ready for life in an belowground universe. When they build the belowground universe because we can no longer take a breath the air that it will look like Teletubbie land. I do n’t cognize, I like to travel on truly different types of day of the months. Traveling someplace new or some new portion of the metropolis, something that ‘s non your mean thing. Something where you merely travel have an escapade together. I guess you have to be truly unfastened to your moving spouses and believe in the narrative. I have a certain wonder for life that drives me and impel me frontward. I one time made a ( it was supposed to be a 30-minute ) bean salad that took me like 6 hours. I want to work with great managers and seek non to set excessively much force per unit area on myself and merely read things for the narrative and acknowledge when I ‘m drawn to something for the right grounds and seek to keep some saneness. I ‘ve discovered as I ‘ve grown up that life is far more complicated than you think it is when you ‘re a child. It is n’t merely a straight-forward fairy tale. I ‘ve kind of heard that â€Å"it† girl thing, but non truly. Hearing it from a few people does n’t solidify it in my head and I would n’t cognize how to solidify that rubric. It ‘s so elusive and what does it intend, I do n’t cognize? I ‘ll set on a hood stone T-shirt, a ’50s manner skirt, and a brace of flip-flops. I like to engage a whole clump of things together. I ‘m a chump for those sweeping love narratives. When I read the book ( The Notebook ( 2004 ) ) , I could n’t halt shouting! I merely had such a powerful, instantaneous reaction – it was written so good. I was non popular in high school, I know every actress says that, but truly, I was a large geek. Paramount sent them nine-foot-high ( theater anteroom ) cutouts of me. They say, â€Å"You do n’t hold to come place, we ‘ve got you in every room of the house! † Most of the clip, people will merely go through me by, or if they do recognize, they ‘ll state something like, â€Å"My girlfriend said that was you, but I did n’t believe her.† I did ( preparation in ) tennis, concert dance, swing dance, piano, art category and etiquette. I besides did Gallic idiom, but so it was blending me up with my Southern idiom, so we stuck to Southern! I wanted to be a secretary, I love paper cartridge holders and stapling machines. If I hurt person, if I were to by chance jab person ‘s oculus out, I would laugh. And so I ‘d state, ‘I ‘m regretful, I truly do experience bad, ‘ but so I ‘m on the floor peal. Yeah. I still live in Canada, so it ‘s non rather the same. And when I ‘m in L.A. , I ‘m in a auto ; you do n’t hold the contact with the populace. It ‘s non so bad. It ‘s still reasonably much the same. I still experience reasonably normal-ish. I ‘ve been really lucky so far. I have n’t had any bad experiences every bit far as fan brushs. They do n’t truly acknowledge me. I think it has to make with my hair. I change it all the clip. I like altering my hair colour and sometimes it ‘s merely non for a function. Normally, I merely do it for me. I guess each relationship is different. That ‘s what I love about relationships. Even when they end, you ‘ve learned so really much, so much to take into your following relationship and to take into your life. It ‘s the greatest thing that comes out of an stoping – so it depends on the individual. – On what she learned about herself when her relationship with Ryan Gosling ended I would love to hold childs someday ; I really ca n’t conceive of non holding them. My parents have been married for 36 old ages. They [ Lance, a mover, and Sandy, a nurse ] have a pretty honest, straightforward relationship that I hope to hold myself. – On holding her ain childs someday You ne’er truly cognize the individual you ‘re kiping beside. You have a right to your secrets, but that ‘s really hard when you ‘re supposed to be person ‘s spouse. – On matrimony as a minefield of secrets, as suggested in Married Life What about nakedness in movies? Nudity for fictional characters is as normal and everyday as eating breakfast. What bothers me is our civilization ‘s compulsion with nakedness. It should n’t be a large trade, but it is. I think this overemphasis with nakedness makes histrions nervous. There ‘s the concern about seeing one ‘s organic structure dissected, misrepresented, played and replayed on YouTube. – On nakedness in movies Salary Morning Glory ( 2010 ) $ 2,000,000The Time Traveler ‘s Wife ( 2009 ) $ 4,000,000Red Eye ( 2005 ) $ 1,000,000 How to cite Mini biography of rachel mcadams, Essay examples