Patient Teaching Information handout Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Patient Teaching Information handout - Essay Example The changes that affect bowel movement result in discomfort and other abnormalities that are identified as symptoms. These also offer a basis for understanding IBS and its diagnosis. According to Anderson, Keller, Pehl, Schemann, Preiss, and Layer, existence of three conditions defines the disorder and guides its diagnosis. The authors explain that existence of IBS is a consequence of three factors. The patient must have reported chronic symptoms that a physician associates with the gut and that result in abnormal bowel characteristics. The symptoms must further be significant to compel a patient to seek medical attention or to cause the patient to worry and must have adverse effects on the patient’s quality of life. Further, it must be established that the reported symptoms are not associated with any other health complication. The authors identifies â€Å"diarrhea,† â€Å"constipation,† â€Å"pain,† â€Å"bloating, and distension,† as the major sy mptoms towards diagnosis, though many other complications may initiate the symptoms (Anderson, et. Al., 2011, p. 755). A consideration of abdominal pain that ceases upon defecation or changes with bowel movements together with at least any two of the following symptoms further supports existence of irritable bowel syndrome. The symptoms are changes in tool passage, â€Å"abdominal bloating,† deterioration of symptoms after meals, and â€Å"passage of mucus† (National Institute for Health and Clinical Experience, 2008, p. 12). Existence of these basic symptoms strongly suggests presence of the bowel disorder and tests are likely to confirm diagnosis. Reliance of the symptoms alone is enhanced by evaluation of â€Å"red flags,† a term that refers to those factors that indicate existence of a secondary complication to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Unexplained loss of weight that exceeds seven pounds, problems with swallowing, blood spots in the stool, abnormal stool th at may be â€Å"pale, very smelly, and difficult to flush away† are of the symptoms that may indicate existence of secondary complications (Talley, 2006, p. 26). Other indicators of secondary complications are â€Å"repeated vomiting, fever,† late onset of the symptoms and require tests for accurate diagnosis of IBS (Talley, 2006, p. 26). Genetic susceptibility to cancer, disturbed sleep because of symptoms and severe diarrhea are other indicators of secondary complications (Talley, 2006). The red flags could results from such complications as â€Å"chronic infectious enterocotilis,† â€Å"Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease,† â€Å"gastrointestinal tumors, mesenteric ischemia, porphyria, endometriosis, and ovarian tumor† (Anderson, et. al., 2011, p. 753, 754). Clinical tests such as full blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, c-reactive protein and antibody testing for celiac disease are conducted to eliminate possibil ity of these complications (National Institute for Health and Clinical Experience, 2008, p. 11). Is the tests are negative for their respective complications then this confirms diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in a patient. There is no cure for the disorder but treatment strategies exist for managing the symptoms. Eating behavior is one of the treatment methods and involves application

From perspectives of grammar and culture, critically discuss Essay

From perspectives of grammar and culture, critically discuss similarities and differences betwwen English and CHinese with referecne to translation - Essay Example More so, translation may be regarded as the perception of an aspect of a certain language to another. This paper will discuss the similarities and differences between English and Chinese with reference to translation. Translation is essential in understanding different cultures among different races, religious and cultural groups in the world. Translation plays a key role in understanding significant elements of different language groups (Chang 2003. 38). Translation from English to Chinese and vice versa is, however, impaired as the two are of different language families, these are: Indo-European and Sino-Tibetan. We note that word and sentence order, while relaying the same message, varies from one language to another. Both Chinese and English use the Subject Verb Order logic in sentences. Whereas the syntax applied in one language may be smooth and clear, the same a translation of the message in a word-for-word system may result in the message becoming obscure or incomprehensible (Abacus 2006, 27). For instance, in Chinese, adjectives and adverbs are placed before the noun or verb being modified, while, on the other hand, in English, the modifiers are placed after the noun or verb they are modifying. A good example of the illogicalness associated with literal translations: the original English version: We are in the field practicing. The literal translation in Chinese is â€Å"We have football practice field.† The translated version, though acceptable in Chinese, is absurd and wrong in English. Moreover, translation of set statements where the word system is based on traditional use may distort the syntax of the statement when translated into another language. For instance, the traditional Chinese expression â€Å"fan-yan sheng-xi† literary translated to English means â€Å"multiply and live† (Chang 2003, 49). The translated version is incomprehensible in the English language, with a viable option being,† live and multiply†. This, however, dist orts the